Kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu m'makampani opanga nsalu
● Sun Ruizhe, purezidenti wa China National Textile and Apparel Council, nthawi ina adanena pa Msonkhano Watsopano ndi Mafashoni pa Nyengo mu 2019 kuti makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala akhala makampani achiwiri akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi omwe amawononga zinthu, achiwiri pambuyo pa makampani opanga mafuta;
● Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku China Circular Economy Association, zovala zakale zokwana matani 26 miliyoni zimatayidwa m'zitini za zinyalala m'dziko langa chaka chilichonse, ndipo chiwerengerochi chidzakwera kufika pa matani 50 miliyoni pambuyo pa 2030;
● Malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa bungwe la China National Textile and Apparel Council, dziko langa limataya nsalu zotayidwa chaka chilichonse, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi matani 24 miliyoni a mafuta osakonzedwa. Pakadali pano, zovala zambiri zakale zimatayidwabe m'malo otayira zinyalala kapena kuziwotcha, zomwe zonsezi zimayambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe kwambiri.
Mayankho a mavuto a kuipitsa chilengedwe - ulusi wochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe
Ulusi wopangidwa mu nsalu nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira petrochemical, monga ulusi wa polyester (polyester), ulusi wa polyamide (nayiloni kapena nayiloni), ulusi wa polyacrylonitrile (ulusi wa acrylic), ndi zina zotero.
● Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta komanso kuzindikira kwa anthu za kuteteza chilengedwe, maboma ayambanso kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndikupeza zinthu zina zomwe zingabwezeretsedwenso zomwe siziwononga chilengedwe.
● Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta ndi mavuto azachilengedwe, makampani opanga ulusi wa mankhwala monga United States, European Union, ndi Japan pang'onopang'ono asiya kupanga ulusi wa mankhwala wamba, ndipo ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wochokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe womwe umapindulitsa kwambiri komanso wosakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu kapena chilengedwe.
Zipangizo za polyester zopangidwa ndi bio (PET/PEF) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga ulusi wopangidwa ndi biochikopa chopangidwa ndi bio.
Mu lipoti laposachedwa la "Textile Herald" pa "Kuwunikanso ndi Kuyembekezera kwa Ukadaulo wa Nsalu Padziko Lonse", linanena kuti:
● PET yochokera ku bio-based 100% yatsogolera kulowa mumakampani azakudya, monga zakumwa za Coca-Cola, chakudya cha Heinz, ndi ma phukusi azinthu zotsukira, komanso yalowanso muzinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wamitundu yodziwika bwino yamasewera monga Nike;
● 100% ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi PET kapena PEF zopangidwa ndi bio-based zapezeka pamsika.
Pamene chidziwitso cha anthu chokhudza kuteteza chilengedwe chikupitirira kukula, zinthu zopangidwa ndi zamoyo zidzakhala ndi ubwino wake m'magawo azachipatala, chakudya ndi zinthu zaumoyo zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu.
● Ndondomeko ya dziko langa ya “Ndondomeko Yopangira Ntchito Za Nsalu (2016-2020)” ndi “Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ndi Zitatu ya Makampani Ansalu” ya Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo inanena momveka bwino kuti njira yotsatira yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi: kupanga zipangizo zatsopano zogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wachilengedwe kuti zilowe m'malo mwa mafuta, kulimbikitsa Kukula kwa Ulusi wa Zachilengedwe wa m'nyanja.
Kodi ulusi wochokera ku bio ndi chiyani?
● Ulusi wochokera ku zamoyo umatanthauza ulusi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zamoyo zokha kapena kuchokera ku zotulutsa zake. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa polylactic acid (PLA fiber) umapangidwa ndi zinthu zaulimi zomwe zili ndi wowuma monga chimanga, tirigu, ndi beet, ndipo ulusi wa alginate umapangidwa ndi algae yofiirira.
● Mtundu uwu wa ulusi wochokera ku zomera siwobiriwira komanso woteteza chilengedwe kokha, komanso umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso uli ndi phindu lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zake zamagetsi, kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, kuvala, kusayaka, kusavulaza khungu, kupha mabakiteriya, komanso kuyeretsa chinyezi kwa ulusi wa PLA sizotsika poyerekeza ndi ulusi wachikhalidwe. Ulusi wa alginate ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri chopangira ma dressing azachipatala omwe ali ndi hygroscopic kwambiri, kotero uli ndi phindu lapadera pantchito zachipatala ndi zaumoyo. monga, tili ndi zinthu zatsopano zoyitanitsa.chikopa cha biobased/chikopa cha vegan.
N’chifukwa chiyani mumayesa zinthu zomwe zili ndi zinthu zachilengedwe?
Pamene ogula akukonda kwambiri zinthu zobiriwira zosakhala ndi chilengedwe, zotetezeka, komanso zochokera ku zomera. Kufunika kwa ulusi wochokera ku zomera pamsika wa nsalu kukuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ndikofunikira kupanga zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa zinthu zochokera ku zomera kuti zigwiritse ntchito bwino msika. Zinthu zochokera ku zomera zimafuna zinthu zochokera ku zomera kaya zili mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kuwongolera khalidwe kapena magawo ogulitsa. Kuyesa kwa biobased kungathandize opanga, ogulitsa kapena ogulitsa:
● Kufufuza ndi Kukonza Zamalonda: Kuyesa kochokera ku bio kumachitika panthawi yopanga zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera ku bio, zomwe zimatha kufotokoza bwino zomwe zili mu bio zomwe zili mu malonda kuti zithandize kukonza zinthu;
● Kuwongolera Ubwino: Pa nthawi yopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi zamoyo, mayeso opangidwa ndi zamoyo amatha kuchitika pa zinthu zopangira zomwe zaperekedwa kuti azilamulira bwino mtundu wa zinthu zopangira;
● Kutsatsa ndi kutsatsa: Zinthu zochokera ku bio zidzakhala chida chabwino kwambiri chotsatsa malonda, chomwe chingathandize zinthu kupeza chidaliro cha ogula ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wamsika.
Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji zomwe zili mu chinthu chopangidwa ndi zamoyo? - Mayeso a Carbon 14
Kuyesa kwa kaboni-14 kumatha kusiyanitsa bwino zinthu zochokera ku zamoyo ndi za petrochemical zomwe zimapezeka mu chinthu. Chifukwa zamoyo zamakono zimakhala ndi kaboni 14 wofanana ndi kaboni 14 mumlengalenga, pomwe zinthu zopangira petrochemical sizili ndi kaboni 14.
Ngati zotsatira za mayeso a chinthu chopangidwa ndi bio zili ndi 100% ya kaboni wopangidwa ndi bio, zikutanthauza kuti chinthucho chili ndi 100% ya kaboni wopangidwa ndi bio; ngati zotsatira za mayeso a chinthucho zili 0%, zikutanthauza kuti chinthucho chonse ndi cha petrochemical; ngati zotsatira za mayeso zili 50%, zikutanthauza kuti 50% ya chinthucho ndi chachilengedwe ndipo 50% ya kaboni ndi ya petrochemical.
Miyezo yoyesera nsalu ikuphatikizapo muyezo waku America wa ASTM D6866, muyezo waku Europe wa EN 16640, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-22-2022
